Influencia del contexto de enseñanza en la representación de patrones en educación infantil

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Resumen

Con base en el Enfoque de los Itinerarios de Enseñanza de las Matemáticas (EIEM), que propone secuencias de enseñanza intencionadas desde lo concreto hasta lo simbólico, se analiza cómo influye el contexto de enseñanza en las tareas con patrones de repetición en un grupo de 24 niños durante dos cursos escolares consecutivos (4-6 años). Para ello, se han implementado tareas de patrones de repetición de los dos contextos extremos de un itinerario previamente diseñado y validado: situaciones reales y contextos gráficos, respectivamente. Los datos se han analizado a partir de esquemas metodológicos etnográficos de observación participante (diario de campo); la documentación pedagógica (registro audiovisual); y las producciones escritas de los patrones (representaciones). Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran que: a) en el alumnado de 4-5 años se ha identificado una diferencia positiva del 32.9% de las situaciones reales frente a los recursos gráficos; b) en el alumnado de 5-6 años, si bien desciende ligeramente dicha diferencia entre ambos contextos, continúa estando por encima del 30%. Se concluye que el contexto de enseñanza influye en la comprensión de los patrones de repetición, por lo que es necesaria una enseñanza de los patrones desde el nivel situacional hasta el formal.

Detalles del artículo

Sección
Sección Monográfica
Biografía del autor/a

Ángel Alsina

Catedrático de Didáctica de las Matemáticas en la Universidad de Girona

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