Disinformation and artificial intelligence in political discourse: Use of generative AI in the Parliament of Galicia (Spain)
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Abstract
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools poses challenges, ethical and moral dilemmas, the need for new regulatory frameworks, and the implementation of novel work routines, especially in the field of political and institutional communication. This article conducts an exploratory study on the use and application of these tools by members of the Parliament of Galicia (Spain). Its objectives include determining the degree of use, identifying the most frequently used tools, their main advantages and disadvantages, the parliamentary tasks in which they are most frequently used, identifying possible
differences between ideological tendencies, and relating their use to the phenomenon of disinformation. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out and the initial hypotheses were compared with the responses to an online questionnaire sent to the 75 members of the Galician Parliament and with the results
of the analysis using ChatGPT and GPTZero to a sample of various initiatives from all parliamentary
groups, those discussed in the plenary sessions of June 2025, in order to determine the percentage
of AI-generated text and disinformation present in that sample. The results and conclusions show the
widespread use of AI in the Galician legislative chamber, but at low percentages and with ethical limits that consist of using it only as a basis for work that has fundamentally human control and contribution. The members of parliament, in addition to using this tool, are generally in favor of its regulation, demand more specific training on the subject, and ChatGPT is the dominant software, with the use of other AI tools being anecdotal.
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