Análisis de impedancias de tierra de forma cerrada en estudios de cortocircuito de sistemas de distribución aérea
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Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la aplicabilidad de las principales fórmulas cerradas de impedancia de retorno por tierra en el análisis de cortocircuito de sistemas de distribución, así como identificar las configuraciones críticas en las cuales la elección del modelo de impedancia puede influir significativamente en los resultados del cortocircuito. La metodología adoptada en esta investigación se estructura en tres etapas. Primero, se desarrolló un algoritmo para implementar y comparar las formulaciones cerradas de impedancia de retorno por tierra, el cual fue validado con datos de referencia disponibles en la literatura. Segundo, se diseñó un algoritmo de análisis de cortocircuito que fue verificado con resultados publicados por la IEEE Power and Energy Society. Finalmente, se realizaron múltiples estudios de cortocircuito en varios alimentadores de prueba de distribución del IEEE. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las formulaciones cerradas de impedancia de retorno por tierra son adecuadas tanto para análisis de cortocircuito balanceados como desbalanceados, y que, en fallas monofásicas a tierra, la elección de la fórmula cerrada de impedancia resulta un factor crítico para obtener resultados precisos.
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