Narrativas de desinformación ambiental y percepción pública del cambio climático
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Resumen
La desinformación ambiental constituye un desafío crítico en la era digital, al distorsionar la percepción
del cambio climático, erosionar la confianza en la ciencia y debilitar el compromiso ciudadano con la
sostenibilidad. Este estudio analiza de forma integrativa la producción científica reciente (2020-2025) sobre desinformación ambiental y percepción pública del cambio climático, con énfasis en las narrativas dominantes, las plataformas digitales, los efectos sociales implicados y las estrategias de mitigación propuestas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión integrativa basada en los criterios PRISMA 2020 y en la metodología de Whittemore y Knafl (2005), a partir de búsquedas en Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Redalyc. De un total de 335 registros se seleccionaron 41 estudios teóricos y empíricos. Los hallazgos identifican tres narrativas recurrentes: negacionista, retardista y conspirativa, que circulan en redes sociales mediante formatos multimodales de alta carga afectiva. Estas narrativas generan efectos como escepticismo, polarización y cinismo climático, reduciendo la disposición proambiental. Las estrategias de mitigación, centradas en la alfabetización crítica y la verificación informativa, muestran eficacia parcial. Como aporte
principal, se propone una tipología estructurada de narrativas y un modelo conceptual integrador que
no solo fortalece el análisis teórico, sino que también ofrece orientaciones prácticas para la formulación de políticas públicas y estrategias comunicativas más eficaces frente a la desinformación climática.
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