Control for the output voltage on a flying capacitor multilevel inverter
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents the design of a robust Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) for tracking the reference trajectory of the output voltage of a flying capacitor multilevel inverter. If the dynamics of each flying capacitor and of the passive elements of the filter are considered in the dynamic model of the converter, it results a high order model, which is difficult to control. PS-PWM modulation is used in this work to keep the voltages in the flying capacitors at their nominal values, and thereby generate a second-order simple dynamic model that is easier to control. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the controller is robust in the presence of disturbances, caused by either linear or nonlinear load changes. The experimental prototype of the complete system was built, and the implementation of the controller and the modulator was carried out in a FPGA; the results obtained are shown in the final part.
Article Details
The Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador preserves the copyrights of the published works and will favor the reuse of the works. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution/Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 Ecuador license: they can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed.
The undersigned author partially transfers the copyrights of this work to the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador for printed editions.
It is also stated that they have respected the ethical principles of research and are free from any conflict of interest. The author(s) certify that this work has not been published, nor is it under consideration for publication in any other journal or editorial work.
The author (s) are responsible for their content and have contributed to the conception, design and completion of the work, analysis and interpretation of data, and to have participated in the writing of the text and its revisions, as well as in the approval of the version which is finally referred to as an attachment.
References
[2] R. Haider, R. Alam, N. B. Yousuf, and K. M. Salim, “Design and construction of single phase pure sine wave inverter for photovoltaic application,” in 2012 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV). IEEE, may 2012. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/iciev.2012.6317332
[3] L. Franquelo, J. Rodríguez, J. León, S. Kouro, R. Portillo, and M. Prats, “The age of multilevel converters arrives,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 28–39, jun 2008. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/mie.2008.923519
[4] S. A. González, S. A. Verne, and M. I. Valla, Multilevel Converters For Industrial Applications. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3eN3PUc
[5] Y. Lei, C. Barth, S. Qin, W.-C. Liu, I. Moon, A. Stillwell, D. Chou, T. Foulkes, Z. Ye, Z. Liao, and R. C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski, “A 2 kW, single-phase, 7-level, GaN inverter with an active energy buffer achieving 216 w/in3 power density and 97.6% peak efficiency,” in 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, mar 2016. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2016.7468068
[6] D. Janik, T. Kosan, P. Kamenicky, and Z. Peroutka, “Universal precharging method for dc-link and flying capacitors of four-level flying capacitor converter,” in IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, nov 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2013.6700175
[7] S. Thielemans, B. Reznikov, J. Melkebeek, and A. Ruderman, “Self-precharge for single-leg odd-level multilevel converter,” in 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2010). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0142
[8] C. Feng, J. Liang, and V. G. Agelidis, “Modified phase-shifted PWM control for flying capacitor multilevel converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 178–185, jan 2007. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2006.886600
[9] M. Trabelsi and L. Ben-Brahim, “Experimental photovoltaic power supply based on flying capacitors multilevel inverter,” in 2011 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, jun 2011. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2011.6036314
[10] A. M. Y. M. Ghias, J. Pou, M. Ciobotaru, and V. G. Agelidis, “Voltage balancing method for the multilevel flying capacitor converter using phase-shifted PWM,” in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon). IEEE, dec 2012. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1109/pecon.2012.6450221
[11] G. Gateau, M. Fadel, P. Maussion, R. Bensaid, and T. A. Meynard, “Multicell converters: active control and observation of flying-capacitor voltages,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 998–1008, oct 2002. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2002.803200
[12] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Springer US, 2001. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1007/b100747
[13] H. Miranda, V. Cárdenas, G. Espinosa-Pérez, and D. Noriega-Pineda, “Multilevel cascade inverter with voltage and current output regulated using a passivity - based controller,” in Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting. IEEE, oct 2006. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2006.256643
[14] J. A. Juárez-Abad, J. Linares-Flores, E. Guzmán-Ramírez, and H. Sira-Ramírez, “Generalized proportional integral tracking controller for a single-phase multilevel cascade inverter: An FPGA implementation,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 256–266, feb 2014. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2013.2242085
[15] F. J. Chavero Ramírez, H. J. C. López Tapia, and N. V. Nava, “Estrategia de control para inversor multinivel con capacitores flotantes,” Pistas educativas, vol. 108, no. 35, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3eNaVIk
[16] M. Caris, H. Huisman, J. Duarte, and E. Lomonova, “Nonlinear and vector closedloop control methods for flying-capacitor power converters,” International Journal of Electronics, vol. 104, no. 8, pp. 1298–1316, mar 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2017.1293739
[17] D. Bhattacharyya, S. Padhee, and K. C. Pati, “Modeling of DC–DC converter using exact feedback linearization method: A discussion,” IETE Journal of Research, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 843–854, may 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2018.1454345
[18] B.-Z. Guo and Z.-L. Zhao, Active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear systems: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119239932
[19] H. Kaeslin, Top-down digital VLSI design: from architectures to gate-level circuits and FPGAs. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/36WnwGh
[20] E. Monmasson, L. Idkhajine, I. Bahri, M-WNaouar, and L. Charaabi, “Design methodology and FPGA-based controllers for power electronics and drive applications,” in 2010 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE, jun 2010. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA.2010.5515585
[21] J. A. Juárez-Abad, A. P. Sandoval-García, J. Linares-Flores, J. F. Guerrero-Castellanos, P. Banuelos-Sánchez, and M. A. Contreras-Ordaz,
“FPGA implementation of passivity-based control and output load algebraic estimation for transformerless multilevel active rectifier,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1877–1889, apr 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2865445
[22] R. Mayoral Lagunes, J. A. Juárez-Abad, B. A. Aguilar López, J. L. Barahona Ávalos, and J. Linares Flores, “Control de velocidad de un motor síncrono de imanes permanentes accionado por un inversor trifásico multinivel,” Ingenius, no. 23, pp. 97–108, dec 2019. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.17163/ings.n23.2020.09