Photovoltaic simulation considering building integration parameters
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Published:
2018-12-29
Keywords:
Monocrystalline, Photovoltaic Simulation, SAM, Renewable Energies
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research calibrates and validates a model for monocrystalline photovoltaic systems in SAM (System Advisor Model) for power generation simulation, considering the meteorological characteristics of Cuenca, Ecuador, close to the equatorial line. The electrical performance is calculated by arranging photovoltaic systems with specific characteristics, with inclinations that respond to conventional local roofing and different orientations. Efficiency is calculated with in-situ measurements over a period of 18 days. Meteorological data were used to calibrate a weather file for the year 2016. Annual yields are estimated according to inclination and orientation, and technical characteristics of the photovoltaic system. Losses are detected due to dirt accumulation and increase in temperature of the panels. The model is validated by linear regression, by comparing the simulated values with the data obtained from in-situ measurements of a reference panel deployed horizontally. The results show an average efficiency loss of 2,77% for dirt conditions and up to 30% for temperature increases. The validation of the model showed a determination coefficient R2=0,996 and a normalized Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 8,16%. It is concluded that, because of the particular latitude of the study site, unlike most of the planet, the provision of photovoltaic panels in any orientation considering low slopes, does not significantly reduce the annual power generation performance.
Article Details
Section
Scientific Paper
The Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador preserves the copyrights of the published works and will favor the reuse of the works. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution/Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 Ecuador license: they can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed.
The undersigned author partially transfers the copyrights of this work to the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador for printed editions.
It is also stated that they have respected the ethical principles of research and are free from any conflict of interest. The author(s) certify that this work has not been published, nor is it under consideration for publication in any other journal or editorial work.
The author (s) are responsible for their content and have contributed to the conception, design and completion of the work, analysis and interpretation of data, and to have participated in the writing of the text and its revisions, as well as in the approval of the version which is finally referred to as an attachment.
References
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[24] S. C. S. Costa, A. S. A. C. Diniz, and L. L. Kazmerski, “Dust and soiling issues and impacts relating to solar energy systems: Literature review update for 2012–2015,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 63, pp. 33–61, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.059
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[27] Y. Jia-Ying, D. Kun, T. Reindl, and A. G. Aberle, “Outdoor PV module performance under fluctuating irradiance conditions in tropical climates,” Energy Procedia, vol. 33, pp. 238–247, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.064
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[32] I. F. Izquierdo Torres and M. G. Pacheco Portilla, Evaluación de la eficiencia de paneles solares como sistema de captación de energía para edificaciones del área urbana de Cuenca, E. Universidad de Cuenca, Ed. Tesis de grado, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/wSEZ1X
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[35] E. Rudié, A. Thornton, N. Rajendra, and S. Kerrigan, “System Advisor Model performance modeling validation report: Analysis of 100 sites,” Locus Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Tech. Rep., 2014. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/zpfUZA
[36] D. F. Al Riza, S. Gilani, and M. Aris, “Measurement and simulation of standalone solar PV system for residential lighting in Malaysia,” Journal of Hydrocarbons Mines and Environmental Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 6–12, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/G8shmj
[37] K. Kanyarusoke, J. Gryzagoridis, and G. Oliver, “Validation of TRNSYS modelling for a fixed slope photovoltaic panel,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 4763–4772, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1502-38
[38] M. A. Meybodi, L. R. Santigosa, and A. C. Beath, “A study on the impact of time resolution in solar data on the performance modelling of CSP plants,” Renewable Energy, vol. 109, pp. 551–563, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.024
[39] V. Håvard Breisnes, “Modelling of photovoltaic modules with battery energy storage in Simulink/MATLAB: With in-situ measurement comparisons,” Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/13bxEy
[40] F. Chenlo Romero, “Cálculo de la temperatura de operación de células solares en un panel fotovoltaico plano,” Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT). Madrid - España, Tech. Rep., 2002. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/SFrX4r
[41] M. Blumthaler, W. Ambach, and R. Ellinger, “Increase in solar UV radiation with altitude,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 130–134, 1997. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(96)00018-8
[42] E. F. Zalamea-León and R. H. García-Alvarado, “Integración de captación activa y pasiva en viviendas unifamiliares de emprendimientos inmobiliarios,” Ambiente construido, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 445–461, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000100231
[43] E. Zalamea and R. García Alvarado, “Roof characteristics for integrated solar collection in dwellings of Real-Estate developments in Concepción, Chile,” Revista de la construcción, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 36–44, 12 2014. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-915X2014000300005
[2] A. Grubler, X. Bai, T. Buettner, S. Dhakal, D. J. Fisk, T. Ichinose, J. E. Keirstead, G. Sammmer, D. Satterthwaite, N. B. Schulz et al., Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and Cambridge University., 2012, ch. Urban energy systems, pp. 1307–1400. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/rVdsU6
[3] A. Barragán-Escandón, J. Terrados-Cepeda, and E. Zalamea-León, “The role of renewable energy in the promotion of circular urban metabolism,” Sustainability, vol. 9, no. 12, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122341
[4] A. K. Shukla, K. Sudhakar, P. Baredar, and R. Mamat, “Solar PV and BIPV system: Barrier, challenges and policy recommendation in India,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 3314–3322, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.013
[5] J. Byrne, J. Taminiau, J. Seo, J. Lee, and S. Shin, “Are solar cities feasible? a review of current research,” International Journal of Urban Sciences, vol. 21,
no. 3, pp. 239–256, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2017.1331750
[6] M. Nadim, M. R. H. Rashed, A. Muhury, and S. M. Mominuzzaman, “Estimation of optimum tilt angle for PV cell: A study in perspective of Bangladesh,” in 2016 9th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), Dec 2016, pp. 271–274. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE.2016.7853908
[7] P. Fitriaty and Z. Shen, “Predicting energy generation from residential building attached Photovoltaic Cells in a tropical area using 3D modeling analysis,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 195, pp. 1422–1436, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.133
[8] B. Trewin, State of the tropics. James Cook University, 2014, ch. The climates of the Tropics, and how they are changing, pp. 39–51. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/hH8pv1
[9] A. Bykerk-Kauffman. (2018) Seasons and why the equator is warmer than the poles. Pedagogy in Action the SERC portal for Educators. Science Education Resource Center. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/vsDCFB
[10] IRENA, Global Atlas for Renewable Energy: A World of Renewables. International Renewable Energy Agency, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/adpQop
[11] M. M. Riyahi Alam, A. Behfar, and R. Shahmoradi, “Potential application of solar power systems for residential buildings in high-density urban pattern: The case of the Eixample district, city of the Barcelona, in Spain,” Recent Researches in Environmental and Geological Sciences, pp. 342–347, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/t6dSQZ
[12] IRENA, Renewable Energy in Cities. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi„ 2016. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/EN2Ufq
[13] T. Razykov, C. Ferekides, D. Morel, E. Stefanakos, H. Ullal, and H. Upadhyaya, “Solar photovoltaic electricity: Current status and future prospects,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1580–1608, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.12.002
[14] A. Barragán-Escandón, J. Terrados-Cepeda, E. Zalamea-León, and P. Arias-Reyes, “Electricity production using renewable resources in urban centres,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 171, no. 1, pp. 12–25, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.17.00003
[15] A. Curreli, G. Serra-Coch, A. Isalgue, I. Crespo, and H. Coch, “Solar energy as a form giver for future cities,” Energies, vol. 9, no. 7, 2016. [Online].
Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en9070544
[16] P. Chen, R. Salcedo, Q. Zhu, F. de Leon, D. Czarkowski, Z. Jiang, V. Spitsa, Z. Zabar, and R. E. Uosef, “Analysis of voltage profile problems due to the penetration of distributed generation in low-voltage secondary distribution networks,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2020–2028, Oct 2012. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2209684
[17] M. Wall, M. C. M. Probst, C. Roecker, M.-C. Dubois, M. Horvat, O. B. Jørgensen, and K. Kappel, “Achieving solar energy in architecture-IEA SHC Task 41,” Energy Procedia, vol. 30, pp. 1250–1260, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.138
[18] K. Farkas, F. Frontini, L. Maturi, A. Scognamiglio, M. C. Munari Probst, and C. Roecker, Designing photovoltaic systems for architectural integration. Criteria and guidelines for product and system developers, Solar Heating & Cooling Programme- International Energy Agency, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/fj36VW
[19] B. P. Jelle, “Building integrated photovoltaics: A concise description of the current state of the art and possible research pathways,” Energies, vol. 9, no. 1, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en9010021
[20] M. C. Munari Probst, C. Roecker, F. Frontini, A. Scognamiglio, K. Farkas, L. Maturi, and I. Zanetti, “Solar energy systems in architecture - integration criteria and guidelines,” Infoscience EPFL scientific publications, p. 214, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/4Rx7e5
[21] Eletrek. (2018) Tesla solar roof. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/Bnyduv
[22] A. Gharakhani Siraki and P. Pillay, “Comparison of PV system design software packages for urban applications,” in Word Energy Congress Montreal, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/Vhuhyg
[23] G. Cáceres, S. Nasirov, H. Zhang, and G. Araya-Letelier, “Residential solar PV planning in Santiago, Chile: Incorporating the PM10 parameter,” Sustainability, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 722–440, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010422
[24] S. C. S. Costa, A. S. A. C. Diniz, and L. L. Kazmerski, “Dust and soiling issues and impacts relating to solar energy systems: Literature review update for 2012–2015,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 63, pp. 33–61, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.059
[25] B. V. Chikate and Y. Sadawarte, “The factors affecting the performance of solar cell,” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), 2015. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/d7txov
[26] M. E. Meral and F. Dinçer, “A review of the factors affecting operation and efficiency of photovoltaic based electricity generation systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 2176–2184, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.01.010
[27] Y. Jia-Ying, D. Kun, T. Reindl, and A. G. Aberle, “Outdoor PV module performance under fluctuating irradiance conditions in tropical climates,” Energy Procedia, vol. 33, pp. 238–247, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.064
[28] A. Luque and S. Hegedus, Handbook of photovoltaic science and engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/7D9UYk
[29] C. Hachem, A. Athienitis, and P. Fazio, “Parametric investigation of geometric form effects on solar potential of housing units,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1864–1877, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.027
[30] NREL. (2017) System Advisor Model (SAM). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/WTktPn
[31] J. Freeman, J. Whitmore, N. Blair, and A. P. Dobos, “Validation of multiple tools for flat plate photovoltaic modeling against measured data,” in 2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), June 2014, pp. 1932–1937. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2014.6925304
[32] I. F. Izquierdo Torres and M. G. Pacheco Portilla, Evaluación de la eficiencia de paneles solares como sistema de captación de energía para edificaciones del área urbana de Cuenca, E. Universidad de Cuenca, Ed. Tesis de grado, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/wSEZ1X
[33] CLIMATE-DATA. (2017) Clima Cuenca. climate-data.org. [Online]. Available: https: //goo.gl/SBnaa2
[34] J. Freeman, J. Whitmore, L. Kaffine, and A. P. Blair, Nate Dobos, “System Advisor Model: Flat plate photovoltaic performance modeling validation report,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Tech. Rep., 2013. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/47cQ1r
[35] E. Rudié, A. Thornton, N. Rajendra, and S. Kerrigan, “System Advisor Model performance modeling validation report: Analysis of 100 sites,” Locus Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Tech. Rep., 2014. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/zpfUZA
[36] D. F. Al Riza, S. Gilani, and M. Aris, “Measurement and simulation of standalone solar PV system for residential lighting in Malaysia,” Journal of Hydrocarbons Mines and Environmental Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 6–12, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/G8shmj
[37] K. Kanyarusoke, J. Gryzagoridis, and G. Oliver, “Validation of TRNSYS modelling for a fixed slope photovoltaic panel,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 4763–4772, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1502-38
[38] M. A. Meybodi, L. R. Santigosa, and A. C. Beath, “A study on the impact of time resolution in solar data on the performance modelling of CSP plants,” Renewable Energy, vol. 109, pp. 551–563, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.024
[39] V. Håvard Breisnes, “Modelling of photovoltaic modules with battery energy storage in Simulink/MATLAB: With in-situ measurement comparisons,” Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/13bxEy
[40] F. Chenlo Romero, “Cálculo de la temperatura de operación de células solares en un panel fotovoltaico plano,” Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT). Madrid - España, Tech. Rep., 2002. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/SFrX4r
[41] M. Blumthaler, W. Ambach, and R. Ellinger, “Increase in solar UV radiation with altitude,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 130–134, 1997. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(96)00018-8
[42] E. F. Zalamea-León and R. H. García-Alvarado, “Integración de captación activa y pasiva en viviendas unifamiliares de emprendimientos inmobiliarios,” Ambiente construido, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 445–461, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000100231
[43] E. Zalamea and R. García Alvarado, “Roof characteristics for integrated solar collection in dwellings of Real-Estate developments in Concepción, Chile,” Revista de la construcción, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 36–44, 12 2014. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-915X2014000300005