La sociedad de todas las voces Los zapatistas, Bajtín y los derechos humanos
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Resumen
A pesar de sus diferentes orígenes geográficos y culturales, el pensador ruso Mijaíl Bajtín2 y el movimiento zapatista en Chiapas poseen mucho en común. Ambos responden al incumplimiento de las promesas de revolución en sus respectivos países;3 ambos hablan de la sociedad en términos de "voces" díalógicamente relacionadas entre sí; y, más aún, ambos forman parte de una tendencia creciente a valorar "la hibridez" por sobre la pureza como manera de caracterizar la identidad cultural y otras formas de identidad.4 Incluso la mayor diferencia entre los postulados de Bajtín y los de los zapatistas, es decir, el énfasis que hacen estos últimos en la práctica política, los vincula. Por ejemplo, las demandas de los zapatistas en torno a los derechos humanos y a la autodeterminación de los pueblos ayudan a hacer explícitas las implicaciones políticas que subyacen al interior de los planteamientos teóricos de Bajtín.
Palabras Clave
Citas
• Alcoff, Linda
1995 “Mestizo Identity.” In American Mixed Race: The Culture of Microdiversity. Ed. Naomi Zack. New York: Rowan and Littlefield.
• Appiah, K. Anthony
1994 “Identity, Authenticity, Survival: Multicultural Societies and Social Reproduction.” In Multiculturalism. Ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 149-163.
• Bhabha, Homi
1994 The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1981 “Discourse in the Novel.” In The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist, 259-422. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1981a “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel.” In The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist, 84-258. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1984 Problems of Dostoyevsky’s Poetics, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1984a Rabelais and His World, trans. Helene Iswolsky.Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1986 Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, trans. Vern W.McGee, edited by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bonfil Battalla, Guillermo
1980 “Historias que no son todavía historia.” In Historia o para qué?, ed. Carlos Pereyra et al. México City: Siglo XXI.
• Cameron, Dan, Richard J. Powell, Michele Wallace, Patrick Hill, Thalia Gouma Peterson, Moira Roth, and Ann Gibson, eds.
1998 Dancing at the Louvre: Faith Ringgold’s French Collection and Other Story Quilts. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
• Canclini, Nestor Garcia
1995 Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Trans. Christopher L. Chiappari and Silvia L. Lopez; foreword by Renato Rosaldo. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• CCRI-CG (Comite Clandestino Revolucionario Indígena, Comandancia General del Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion Nacional)
1995 Shadows of Tender Fury: The Letters and Communiques of Subcomandante Marcos and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, trans. Frank Bardacke, Leslie Lopez, and the Watsonville, California Human Rights Committee. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
• Chambers, lain
1994 Migrancy, Culture, Identity. London: Routledge.
• Clark, Katrina, and Michael Holquist
1984 Mikhail Bakhtin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Evans, Fred
1993 Psychology and Nihilism: A Genealogical Critique of the Computational Model of Mind. Albany, NY: The State University of New York Press.
• Evans, Fred
1998 “Bakhtin, Communication, and the Politics of Multiculturalism,” Constellations, 5:3, Sept., 403-423.
• García, José Alejos
1994 “El Otro y Yo. Identidad Ladina en Tumbala, Chiapas. In La Identidad: Imaginación, Recuerdos y Olvidos, ed. Ana Bella Pérez Castro. Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Aútonoma de México, 107-116.
• Gilly, Adolfo
1998 “Chiapas and the Rebellion of the Enchanted World.” In Rural Revolt in México, ed. Daniel Nugent. London: Duke University Press, 261334.
• Gilroy, Paul
1987 The Black Atlantic. London: Verso. Ginzburg, Carlo
1980 The Cheese and the Worms, trans. John and Anne Tedeschi. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
• Hanks, William F.
1996 Language and Communicative Practices. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Holloway, John 1996 “Dignity’s Revolt.” In Zapatista! Reinventing Revolution in Mexico, eds. J. Holloway and E. Pelaez, 159-98. London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press.
• Hopper, Paul J.
1998 “Emergent Grammar.” In The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Linguistic Structure, ed. Michael Tomasello.
• Ippolito, Jon
1997 “Trusting Aesthetics to Prosthetics,” Art Journal, Vol. 56, No. 3, 68-74.
• Irigaray, Luce
1985 This Sex Which Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
• Kent, Thomas
1991 “Hermeneutics and Genre: Bakhtin and the Problem of Communicative Interaction.” In The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture. Ed. David R. Hiley, James F. Bohman, and Richard Shusterman. Ithaca, NY: Cornell U. Press, 282-303.
• Lacan, Jacques
1977 Ecrits: A Selection, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc.
• Lucero, Michael
1996 Michael Lucero: Sculpture 1976-1995. Ed. Paul Anbinder. New York, NY: Hudson Hills Press.
• Lugones, Maria
1994 “Purity, Impurity, and Separation.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 19.2: 458-479.
• Marcos, Subcomandante
1996 “Interview,” Chiapas, no. 3, 106-116.
• Marcos, Subcomandante
1997 Videotaped interview conducted and shot by Kerry Appel, Jan. 1997, trans. Jason Gilmore and Kerry Appel. Text received by internet transmission.
• Morson, Gary Saul, and Caryl Emerson
1990 Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Mues, Laura
1998 Derechos Indígenas: El Caso de México. Col. Copilco Universidad, Mexico, D.F.: Academia Mexicana de Derechos Humanos Filosofía y Letras No. 88.
• Naficy, Hamid
1993 The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
• Nikulin, Dmitri
1998 “Being as Dialogue,” Constellations, vol. 5, no. 3, 381-402.
• Pettit, Philip
1997 Republicanism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Schultz, Emily A.
1990 Dialogue at the Margins: Whorf, Bakhtin, and Linguistic Relativity. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press.
• Scott, Craig
1996 “Indigenous Self-determination and Decolonization of the International Imagination: A Plea,”Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 18, 809-24.
• Taylor, Charles
1994 “The Politics of Recognition.” In Multiculturalism. Ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 25-74.
• Volosinov, V. N.
1986 Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, trans. La dislav Matejka and I.R. Titunik. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
• Wertsch, James V.
1991 Voices of the Mind: A Sociocultural Approach to Mediated Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Wolf, Susan
1994 “Comment.” In Multiculturalism. Ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 75-86.
• Young, Iris Marion
1997 “Asymmetrical Reciprocity: On Moral Respect, Wonder, and Enlarged Thought,” Constellations, vol. 3, no.3, 393-414.
• Young, Iris Marion
2000 “Two Concepts of Self-Determination.” In Human Rights and Post-Colonial Legacies, ed. Austin Sarat. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
1995 “Mestizo Identity.” In American Mixed Race: The Culture of Microdiversity. Ed. Naomi Zack. New York: Rowan and Littlefield.
• Appiah, K. Anthony
1994 “Identity, Authenticity, Survival: Multicultural Societies and Social Reproduction.” In Multiculturalism. Ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 149-163.
• Bhabha, Homi
1994 The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1981 “Discourse in the Novel.” In The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist, 259-422. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1981a “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel.” In The Dialogic Imagination, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist, 84-258. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1984 Problems of Dostoyevsky’s Poetics, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1984a Rabelais and His World, trans. Helene Iswolsky.Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
• Bakhtin, Mikhail
1986 Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, trans. Vern W.McGee, edited by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holguist. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
• Bonfil Battalla, Guillermo
1980 “Historias que no son todavía historia.” In Historia o para qué?, ed. Carlos Pereyra et al. México City: Siglo XXI.
• Cameron, Dan, Richard J. Powell, Michele Wallace, Patrick Hill, Thalia Gouma Peterson, Moira Roth, and Ann Gibson, eds.
1998 Dancing at the Louvre: Faith Ringgold’s French Collection and Other Story Quilts. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
• Canclini, Nestor Garcia
1995 Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Trans. Christopher L. Chiappari and Silvia L. Lopez; foreword by Renato Rosaldo. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• CCRI-CG (Comite Clandestino Revolucionario Indígena, Comandancia General del Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion Nacional)
1995 Shadows of Tender Fury: The Letters and Communiques of Subcomandante Marcos and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, trans. Frank Bardacke, Leslie Lopez, and the Watsonville, California Human Rights Committee. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
• Chambers, lain
1994 Migrancy, Culture, Identity. London: Routledge.
• Clark, Katrina, and Michael Holquist
1984 Mikhail Bakhtin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Evans, Fred
1993 Psychology and Nihilism: A Genealogical Critique of the Computational Model of Mind. Albany, NY: The State University of New York Press.
• Evans, Fred
1998 “Bakhtin, Communication, and the Politics of Multiculturalism,” Constellations, 5:3, Sept., 403-423.
• García, José Alejos
1994 “El Otro y Yo. Identidad Ladina en Tumbala, Chiapas. In La Identidad: Imaginación, Recuerdos y Olvidos, ed. Ana Bella Pérez Castro. Mexico City, Mexico: Universidad Aútonoma de México, 107-116.
• Gilly, Adolfo
1998 “Chiapas and the Rebellion of the Enchanted World.” In Rural Revolt in México, ed. Daniel Nugent. London: Duke University Press, 261334.
• Gilroy, Paul
1987 The Black Atlantic. London: Verso. Ginzburg, Carlo
1980 The Cheese and the Worms, trans. John and Anne Tedeschi. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
• Hanks, William F.
1996 Language and Communicative Practices. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Holloway, John 1996 “Dignity’s Revolt.” In Zapatista! Reinventing Revolution in Mexico, eds. J. Holloway and E. Pelaez, 159-98. London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press.
• Hopper, Paul J.
1998 “Emergent Grammar.” In The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Linguistic Structure, ed. Michael Tomasello.
• Ippolito, Jon
1997 “Trusting Aesthetics to Prosthetics,” Art Journal, Vol. 56, No. 3, 68-74.
• Irigaray, Luce
1985 This Sex Which Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
• Kent, Thomas
1991 “Hermeneutics and Genre: Bakhtin and the Problem of Communicative Interaction.” In The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture. Ed. David R. Hiley, James F. Bohman, and Richard Shusterman. Ithaca, NY: Cornell U. Press, 282-303.
• Lacan, Jacques
1977 Ecrits: A Selection, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc.
• Lucero, Michael
1996 Michael Lucero: Sculpture 1976-1995. Ed. Paul Anbinder. New York, NY: Hudson Hills Press.
• Lugones, Maria
1994 “Purity, Impurity, and Separation.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 19.2: 458-479.
• Marcos, Subcomandante
1996 “Interview,” Chiapas, no. 3, 106-116.
• Marcos, Subcomandante
1997 Videotaped interview conducted and shot by Kerry Appel, Jan. 1997, trans. Jason Gilmore and Kerry Appel. Text received by internet transmission.
• Morson, Gary Saul, and Caryl Emerson
1990 Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Mues, Laura
1998 Derechos Indígenas: El Caso de México. Col. Copilco Universidad, Mexico, D.F.: Academia Mexicana de Derechos Humanos Filosofía y Letras No. 88.
• Naficy, Hamid
1993 The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
• Nikulin, Dmitri
1998 “Being as Dialogue,” Constellations, vol. 5, no. 3, 381-402.
• Pettit, Philip
1997 Republicanism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Schultz, Emily A.
1990 Dialogue at the Margins: Whorf, Bakhtin, and Linguistic Relativity. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press.
• Scott, Craig
1996 “Indigenous Self-determination and Decolonization of the International Imagination: A Plea,”Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 18, 809-24.
• Taylor, Charles
1994 “The Politics of Recognition.” In Multiculturalism. Ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 25-74.
• Volosinov, V. N.
1986 Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, trans. La dislav Matejka and I.R. Titunik. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
• Wertsch, James V.
1991 Voices of the Mind: A Sociocultural Approach to Mediated Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Wolf, Susan
1994 “Comment.” In Multiculturalism. Ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 75-86.
• Young, Iris Marion
1997 “Asymmetrical Reciprocity: On Moral Respect, Wonder, and Enlarged Thought,” Constellations, vol. 3, no.3, 393-414.
• Young, Iris Marion
2000 “Two Concepts of Self-Determination.” In Human Rights and Post-Colonial Legacies, ed. Austin Sarat. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
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Publicado
ene 1, 2011
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