Cogniciones compartidas: una revisión sobre memoria transaccional
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La memoria transaccional es un sistema cognitivo interdependiente de codificación, almacenamiento, recuperación y comunicación de información que condensa el conocimiento que poseen los individuos, en una conciencia compartida por el grupo sobre quién tiene cuál saber. Así, se refiere al conocimiento compartido por una colectividad que, en el caso del escenario organizacional, puede ser un equipo de trabajo. El objetivo de este ensayo es describir teóricamente lo que es la memoria transaccional, a la luz de la literatura oriunda del ámbito de la cognición social, así como de la investigación de estudios empíricos sobre la temática memoria transaccional publicados en revistas científicas internacionales, del campo de la Psicología. A partir de la realización de esa tarea se observó que la investigación empírica relativa a la memoria transaccional es reciente por lo que se hace necesario un mayor desarrollo teórico y verificación empírica de sus componentes, antecedentes y consecuentes. También se constató que hay necesidad de más estudios sobre sistemas de memoria transaccional con el objetivo de elucidar sus procesos de formación y manifestación.
Palabras Clave
memoria transaccional, cognición compartida, cognición social
Citas
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BRANDON, D. P. & A. B. Hollingshead: Transactive memory systems in organizations: matching tasks, expertise, and people. Organization Science, 15(6), 633-644. 2004.
CANNON-BOWERS, J. A. & E. Salas: Reflections on shared cognition. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 195-202. 2001.
COOKE, N. J., Salas, E., Connon-Bowers, J. A. & R. J. Stout: Measuring team knowledge. Human Factors, 42(1), 151-173. 2000.
EVANS, J. S. B. T.: Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255-278. 2008.
FRAIDIN, S. N.: When is one head better than two? Interdependent information in group decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 93, 102-113. 2004.
HINSZ, V. B. Cognitive and consensus processes in group recognition memory performance. Jour nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(4), 705-718. 1990.
HODGKINSON, G. P. & M. P. Healey: Cognition in organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 387-417. 2008.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B. & S. N. Fraidin: Gender stereotypes and assumptions about expertise in transactive memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 355-363. 2003.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B.: Comunication, learning, and retrieval in transactive memory systems. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 423442. 1998.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B. Perceptions of expertise and transactive memory in work relationships. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 3(3), 257-267. 2000.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B.: Cognitive interdependence and convergent expectations in transactive memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psycology, 81(6), 1080-1089. 2001.
LEVINE, J. M. & L. B. Resnick: Social foundations of cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 44,
585-612. 1993.
LEWIS, K., Belliveau, M., Herndon, B. & J. Keller:
Group cognition, membership change, and performance: investigating the benefits and detriments of collective knowledge. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103, 159178. 2007.
MATHIEU, J. E., Heffner, T. S., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E. & J. A. Cannon-Bowers: The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 273-283. 2000.
MICHINOV, E., Olivier-Chiron, E., Rusch, E. & B. Chiron: Influence of transactive memory on perceived performance, job satisfaction and identification in anaesthesia teams. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 100(3), 327-332. 2008.
MOHAMMED, S. & B. C. Dumville: Team mental models in a team knowledge framework: expanding theory and measurement across disciplinary boundaries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 89-106. 2001.
MORELAND, R. L. & L. Myaskovsky: Exploring the performance benefits of group training: transactive memory or improved communication? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 117-133. 2000.
• OSHRI, I., Van Fenema, P. V. & J. Kotlarsky: Knowledge transfer in globally distributed teams: the role of transactive memory. Info Systems Journal, 18, 593-616. 2008.
REN, Y., Carley, K. M. & L. Argote: The contingent effects of transactive memory: when is it more benefical to know what others know? Management Science, 52(5), 671-682. 2006.
RUSBULT, C. E. & P. A. M. Van Lange: Interdependence, interaction, and relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 351-375. 2003.
SCHNEIDER, D. J. Social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 527-561. 1991.
SCHWARZ, N. Warmer and more social: recent developments cognitive social psychology. Annual Review of Sociology , 24, 239-264. 1998.
STASSER, G., Stewart, D. D., & Wittenbaum, G. M. Expert roles and information exchange during discussion: the importance of knowing who knows what. Journal of Experimental Social Psy chology, 31, 244-265. 1995.
STASSER, G., Vaughan, S. I., & Stewart, D. D. Pooling unshared information: the benefits of knowing how access to information is distributed among group members. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 102116. 2000.
STEWART, D. D., & Stasser, G. Expert role assignment and information sampling during collective recall and decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 619628. 1995.
WEGNER, D. M., Erber, R., & Raymond, P. Transactive memory in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(6), 923-929. 1991.
Alteridad Mayo de 2010
71
BRANDON, D. P. & A. B. Hollingshead: Transactive memory systems in organizations: matching tasks, expertise, and people. Organization Science, 15(6), 633-644. 2004.
CANNON-BOWERS, J. A. & E. Salas: Reflections on shared cognition. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 195-202. 2001.
COOKE, N. J., Salas, E., Connon-Bowers, J. A. & R. J. Stout: Measuring team knowledge. Human Factors, 42(1), 151-173. 2000.
EVANS, J. S. B. T.: Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255-278. 2008.
FRAIDIN, S. N.: When is one head better than two? Interdependent information in group decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 93, 102-113. 2004.
HINSZ, V. B. Cognitive and consensus processes in group recognition memory performance. Jour nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(4), 705-718. 1990.
HODGKINSON, G. P. & M. P. Healey: Cognition in organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 387-417. 2008.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B. & S. N. Fraidin: Gender stereotypes and assumptions about expertise in transactive memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 355-363. 2003.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B.: Comunication, learning, and retrieval in transactive memory systems. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 423442. 1998.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B. Perceptions of expertise and transactive memory in work relationships. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 3(3), 257-267. 2000.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. B.: Cognitive interdependence and convergent expectations in transactive memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psycology, 81(6), 1080-1089. 2001.
LEVINE, J. M. & L. B. Resnick: Social foundations of cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 44,
585-612. 1993.
LEWIS, K., Belliveau, M., Herndon, B. & J. Keller:
Group cognition, membership change, and performance: investigating the benefits and detriments of collective knowledge. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103, 159178. 2007.
MATHIEU, J. E., Heffner, T. S., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E. & J. A. Cannon-Bowers: The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 273-283. 2000.
MICHINOV, E., Olivier-Chiron, E., Rusch, E. & B. Chiron: Influence of transactive memory on perceived performance, job satisfaction and identification in anaesthesia teams. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 100(3), 327-332. 2008.
MOHAMMED, S. & B. C. Dumville: Team mental models in a team knowledge framework: expanding theory and measurement across disciplinary boundaries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 89-106. 2001.
MORELAND, R. L. & L. Myaskovsky: Exploring the performance benefits of group training: transactive memory or improved communication? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 117-133. 2000.
• OSHRI, I., Van Fenema, P. V. & J. Kotlarsky: Knowledge transfer in globally distributed teams: the role of transactive memory. Info Systems Journal, 18, 593-616. 2008.
REN, Y., Carley, K. M. & L. Argote: The contingent effects of transactive memory: when is it more benefical to know what others know? Management Science, 52(5), 671-682. 2006.
RUSBULT, C. E. & P. A. M. Van Lange: Interdependence, interaction, and relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 351-375. 2003.
SCHNEIDER, D. J. Social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 527-561. 1991.
SCHWARZ, N. Warmer and more social: recent developments cognitive social psychology. Annual Review of Sociology , 24, 239-264. 1998.
STASSER, G., Stewart, D. D., & Wittenbaum, G. M. Expert roles and information exchange during discussion: the importance of knowing who knows what. Journal of Experimental Social Psy chology, 31, 244-265. 1995.
STASSER, G., Vaughan, S. I., & Stewart, D. D. Pooling unshared information: the benefits of knowing how access to information is distributed among group members. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 102116. 2000.
STEWART, D. D., & Stasser, G. Expert role assignment and information sampling during collective recall and decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 619628. 1995.
WEGNER, D. M., Erber, R., & Raymond, P. Transactive memory in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(6), 923-929. 1991.
Alteridad Mayo de 2010
71
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jun 30, 2010
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